One of the most recognizable features that distinguishes a Japanese martial artist from those of Chinese, Vietnamese, or other traditions is the traditional uniform known as the “Gi.” In Karate, the white uniform—complete with a belt—is called the “Karate Gi” (空手着 or 空手衣), and is sometimes referred to as a “keikogi” or “dogi.” Since the Japanese simply use the term “Gi” to denote a uniform, the phrase “Karate Gi” naturally merges the name of the art with the word for the garment.
Origins
Martial arts historian Dave Lowry has speculated that Jigoro Kanō, the founder of Judo, drew inspiration from the thick, fireman’s coat known as the hanten when designing the keikogi. By 1920, Kanō’s disciples at the Kodokan were already donning a uniform much like the modern keikogi for their Judo practice—a photograph from that year even shows Kanō in a contemporary keikogi.
 |
| One of the first Gis used by Jigoro Kano - the founder of Judo |
Before the 1920s, however, Karate practitioners in Okinawa typically wore their everyday clothes, as there was no official uniform. Early Karate students trained in casual attire, often practicing in public spaces. At that time, Okinawans were looked down upon by mainland Japanese—especially in the realm of martial arts—since Karate was seen as rough and antiquated compared to the refined samurai arts like jujutsu. This social stigma extended into Funakoshi Gichin’s dojo as well, where students from various social classes trained together. The upper-class students expected preferential treatment, a disparity that Funakoshi—later the founder of Karate Shotokan—sought to overcome by introducing the gi. His vision was to foster unity and equality within the dojo by having everyone share the same traditional attire.
Evolution of the Uniform
Funakoshi recognized that to make Karate more accessible and respected among the general populace, it was necessary to formalize its practices—and that began with the uniform. He was inspired by his training partner Jigoro Kanō, who had already introduced the durable, robust “keikogi” for Judo. For a brief period, Karate practitioners even trained in Judo gis. Funakoshi himself was known to wear a white Judo gi during demonstrations, including one at the Kodokan. However, because the Judo gi was designed primarily for grappling rather than the striking and kicking techniques of Karate, a specialized uniform was developed. This new design featured lighter fabric and incorporated internal cords to keep the jacket securely fastened, with an obi (belt) to maintain its integrity.
 |
| Funakoshi Gichin - founder of Shotokan used Karate Gi in training. |
Construction and Design
The Karate uniform is thoughtfully constructed with distinct elements:
- The upper jacket, known as the uwagi (上着, meaning “jacket” or “upper garment”), follows the traditional kimono style.
- The pants, referred to as shitabaki (下穿き, literally “underpants”), are similar in function to the modern trousers or zubon (ズボン).
Beyond merely holding the garment together, the belt plays a significant role in energy work. It applies pressure to the hara—the lower abdomen—believed by the Japanese to be the seat of one’s spirit, and corresponds to the Indian concept of the Svadisthana chakra, the vital energy center. The method of tying the belt, reminiscent of the swirling motion of chakra energy, imbues it with a profound symbolic meaning.
Color Symbolism
Traditionally, the white Karate gi is the most prevalent color in almost every dojo, often awarded to beginners. Its simplicity and purity make it acceptable even when a student transfers between dojos. Originally, the gi was not white but rather a brownish-gray; however, white eventually came to symbolize unity and equality regardless of belt rank—a notion influenced by Jigoro Kanō. White represents purity, innocence, light, goodness, safety, enlightenment, and a fresh start.
Black gis also have a traditional place. Historically, a black gi signified advanced mastery and was worn by those who had honed all their techniques. Today, while black may be adopted by intermediate practitioners in some dojos, its acceptance can vary widely. In contrast, in Japanese jujitsu and related arts such as Judo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, it is common in competition for one competitor to wear white while the opponent dons blue.
Materials and Weight
When it comes to material and construction, the Karate gi is typically lighter and looser than its Judo counterpart. A quality Karate gi usually weighs around 0.5 kg (16 oz), compared to some judogis that can approach 1 kg (35 oz). This lighter design is ideal for Karate’s emphasis on striking and kicking, where speed and flexibility are paramount rather than the robust construction needed for grappling and throwing.
High-quality Karate gis are generally made from finely woven cotton—often combed or creased—to ensure unrestricted movement and comfort. They are meticulously stitched to withstand the rigors of training. In contrast, lower-quality uniforms made from lightweight, summer-clothing-type fabric can tear easily and cling uncomfortably to the skin, especially after intense sweating, often weighing less than 0.2 kg (8 oz). Most premium Karate gis are crafted from a light canvas that balances durability with freedom of movement, typically weighing no less than 0.3 kg (10 oz). Standard weights for canvas range from 0.34 kg (12 oz) to 0.40 kg (14 oz), with some manufacturers even offering 0.45 kg (16 oz) fabric. Many experienced practitioners prefer a slightly heavier gi for its enhanced durability, improved airflow, and the satisfying sound it produces during dynamic movements.
Styles of Karate Gi
There are three primary cuts of Karate gi, each with its own aesthetic and functional qualities:
- Japanese Style: Features shorter sleeves and pants to reduce excess fabric, with longer lapels designed to stay in place over the belt.
- Kata Style: Although less common, this style has shorter sleeves and is prized for its aesthetic appeal.
- European Style: Offers longer sleeves and pants with shorter lapels, also favored for its visual elegance.
Despite these variations, all Karate gis share the same basic design, differing only in sleeve length, pant length, and the cut of the jacket. Many Karateka prefer a longer obi than those used in Judo or other martial arts. Occasionally, when young practitioners cross-train in arts like jujutsu, they may continue to use a Karate gi—a practical choice given that a rapidly growing student might outgrow their uniform before it sees the kind of wear that demands the rugged construction of a judogi.
Fun fact: The term “gi” is officially recognized in the Scrabble dictionary as well as in the second edition of the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
In summary, the Karate gi is much more than a simple uniform—it is a symbol of tradition, unity, and the evolving spirit of martial arts, meticulously designed to support both the physical demands and the deep cultural values of Karate.